A coordinated satellite and terrestrial microwave backhaul for cellular mobile in remote and regional Australia
Main Article Content
Keywords
satellite; network;coalition; government
Abstract
For several years prior to the Australian Federal elections in September 2013, Commonwealth Government telecommunications policy and legislation focussed exclusively on the fixed services National Broadband Network. This distracted broader public attention from the need for cellular mobile expansion in the more sparsely populated areas of the country. Commercial returns in these areas are clearly inadequate for unilateral private operator investment, making government participation crucial. Thus a commitment from the newly elected Coalition Government for a Mobile Black Spot co-investment programme marks a significant change of prospects for remote and regional Australia.
This paper proposes that the joint program should commence with a comprehensive financial and technical study of backhaul and base station technology options, to identify the most cost effective approaches. These options include the coordinated provisioning of modern satellite and terrestrial backhaul systems, utilising and upgrading existing HCRC microwave system infrastructure, and the implementation of small cell base station types.
It is especially timely for these opportunities to be considered now, during the present pre-launch design and construction phase for the NBN Ka band satellites.
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References
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B4BA. 2013 “Extending remote and rural cellular mobile - A Broadband for the Bush Alliance discussion paper”.
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Chambers D. 2012 ‘Small Cell Business Cases - The economics of satellite backhaul are changing to enable 3G rural small cells’. ThinkSmallCell newsletter article, December 2012. Available from: http://www.thinksmallcell.com/Rural/the-economics-of-satellite-backhaul-are-changing-to-enable-3g-rural-small-cells.html
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Corner S. 2012 ‘Universal Telecommunications Services - A Brief History and Analysis of the Issues Surrounding the New Australian Legislation on the Universal Service Obligation’. Telecommunications Journal of Australia, Vol. 62, No. 2. pp. 22.1 - 22.9. Available from: http://doi.org/10.7790/tja.v62i2.319
Cox J. 2011 ‘Blending sun, satellites and cellular to connect remote locales’. Network World, 14th February 2011. Available from: http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/021411-mwc-satellite-gsm.html
Croy P. 2011 ‘LTE Backhaul Requirements - A Reality Check’. Aviat Networks, Presentation, 13th January 2011. Available from: http://www.aviatnetworks.com/media/files/aviat_networks_lte_backhaul_capacity.pdf
DBCDE. 2012 ‘2011 - 12 Regional Telecommunications Review Report’. Regional Independent Review Committee, 5th March 2012. Available from: http://www.rtirc.gov.au/2011-12_report/
Delimiter. 2012 ‘WA Govt. funds Telstra mobile expansion’. News article, 1st Feb. 2012. Available from: http://delimiter.com.au/2012/02/01/wa-govt-funds-telstra-mobile-expansion/
Engineers Australia. 2010 ‘Infrastructure Report Card 2010 - Telecommunications’. Separate reports for each Australian state and territory. Engineers Australia 2010. Available (for NT, Qld., SA & WA) from: http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/shado/Infrastructure%20Report%20Cards/Northern/part5_telecommunications.pdf
https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/shado/Infrastructure%20Report%20Cards/Queensland/part5_telecommunications.pdf
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http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/shado/Infrastructure%20Report%20Cards/WA/part5_telecommunications.pdf
Featherstone D. 2011 ‘The Ngaanyatjarra Lands Telecommunications Project: A Quest For Broadband In The Western Desert’. Telecommunications Journal of Australia. 61 (1): Available from: http://doi.org/10.7790/tja.v61i1.186
Gibson A. 2011 ‘Item 11 - Strategic Issue - Mobile Phone - Issues Paper - Mobile Phone Blackspots”. NSW Farmers Association submission to ACMA CCF, July 2011: Available from: http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acma.gov.au%2Fwebwr%2F_assets%2Fmain%2Flib410020%2Fccf_meeting_12-item11_mobile_phone_coverage-uso_and_the_nbn.doc&ei=qLtGUsmxKYyFiAeT34DQDw&usg=AFQjCNHsYIG2dmmTVC4j7HbD0N3Nr9Qw0g&bvm=bv.53217764,d.aGc
Gilat. 2013 ‘Gilat and Huawei Partnering to Deliver Cellular Backhaul Solution to a Leading Southeast Asian Mobile Network Operator’. Gilat Satellite Networks, Press Release 16th January 2013. Available from: http://www.gilat.com/dynimages/t_press_releases/files/2013-01-16%20Gilat%20and%20Huawei%20Partnering%20to%20Deliver%20Cellular%20Backhaul%20Solution%20.pdf
Giles A. 2013 ‘Telstra in Partnership with The Territory’. Northern Territory Government Media Release, 16th April 2013. Available from: http://newsroom.nt.gov.au/index.cfm?fuseaction=viewRelease&id=10640&d=5
Guo J. 2009 ‘CSIRO Submission 09/348 - Department of Broadband Communications and the Digital Economy - Response to the Blackspots Initiative Stakeholder Consultation Paper’. Submission to Australian Commonwealth Government Backhaul Black Spots Initiative. CSIRO, May 2009. Available from: http://www.communications.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/113458/CSIRO.pdf
Holmes M. 2012 ‘Cellular Backhaul: Where Does Satellite Fit In?’. Via Satellite, 1st January 2012. Available from: http://www.satellitetoday.com/via/features/Cellular-Backhaul-Where-Does-Satellite-Fit-In_38028.html
Hutchinson J. 2012 ‘Telstra kills point-to-point radio shutdown’. iTnews, 30th March 2012. Available from: http://www.itnews.com.au/News/295417,telstra-kills-point-to-point-radio-shutdown.aspx
iDirect. 2009 ‘Eight Essentials to Implementing Backhaul over Satellite for Mobile Operators’. iDirect White Paper, June 2009. Available from: http://www.idirect.net/~/media/Files/Cellular%20Backhaul%20Campaign/Eight%20Essentials%20for%20Cellular%20Backhaul%20over%20Satellite.ashx
Informa. 2012 ‘The Case for Rural data services and satellite backhaul’. Informa Telecoms & Media, 2012. White Paper, 2012. Available from: http://www.informatandm.com/white-papers/
Intelsat. 2010 ‘Intelig Secures Capacity on Intelsat 14 to Expand Cellular Backhaul Services in Brazil’. Company Press Release, 24th May 2010. Available from: http://www.intelsat.com/press/news-releases/2010/20100524-1.asp
Jain A. K; Katiyar S. & Agrawal N. K. 2011 ‘Hierarchical Cellular Structures in High-Capacity Cellular Communication Systems’. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 9, 2011, pp. 51-57. Available from: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1110.2627.pdf
Joint Committee on the NBN. 2013 ‘Review of the Rollout of the National Broadband Network - Fourth Report’. Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 26 Feb. 2013. Available from: http://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/docs/JointCommitteeBroadband_FourthReport_February2103.pdf
Karlsson R. S. 1999 ‘Sharing Radio Resources in Hierarchical Cell Structures Utilizing Slow Frequency Hopping’. IEEE 49th Veh. Tech. Conf., Houston TX. Available from:
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.27.2181
Knoll Y. 2009 ‘Enabling Rural Broadband Services with Wireless Backhaul’. Ceragon Networks White Paper, October 2009. Available from: http://www.ceragon.com/files/library/Enabling_Rural_Broadband_Services.pdf.pdf
LingSun Tan et. al. 2011 LingSun Tan, SeiPing Lau and ChongEng Tan. ‘Improving Quality-of-Service of Real-Time Applications over Bandwidth Limited Satellite Communication Networks via Compression’. University of Malaysia,
Sarawak, Malaysia. Published in Advances in Satellite Communications, Dr. Masoumeh Karimi (Ed). ISBN: 978-953-307-562-4. Available from: http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/16869/InTech-Improving_quality_of_service_of_real_time_applications_over_bandwidth_limited_satellite_communication_networks_via_compression.pdf
Mavrakis D. White C and Benlamlih F. 2010 ‘Last Mile Options for Western European Mobile Operators’. Independent Research Paper by Informa Telecoms & Media, 2010. Available from: http://cbnl.com/sites/all/files/userfiles/files/Last-Mile-Backhaul-Options-for-West-European-Mobile-Operators.pdf
Milano Teleport. 2011 ‘Cellular Backhaul Solutions’. Milano Teleport company presentation. Available from: http://www.milanoteleport.com/new/images/pdfs/milano_teleport_cellular_backhaul_solutions.pdf
O3b Networks. 2011 ‘Technology Overview’. O3b Networks, Company Brochure. Available from: http://www.o3bnetworks.com/media/6437/o3b%20technology%20overview.pdf
O3b & Sofrecom ‘Why Latency Matters to Mobile Backhaul’. O3b Networks and Sofrecom White Paper. Available from: http://www.o3bnetworks.com/media/45606/latency%20matters.pdf
Optus. 2011 ‘Optus Submission To Regional Telecommunications Independent Review Committee; 2011-12 Regional Telecommunications Review’. Optus; December 2011, sections 6.1 & 6.5. Available from: http://www.rtirc.gov.au/files/2011/12/Optus.pdf
Pigg J. M. 2010 ‘Mobile Backhaul Evolution’. Yankee Group Presentation, 27th April 2010. Available from: http://www.slideshare.net/yankeegroup/mobile-backhaul-evolution
Radio-Electronics.com ‘Cellular Concepts and Basics’ Web tutorial. Available from: http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/cellular_concepts/mobile-basics-concepts.php
RADWIN Ltd. 2009 ‘Cellular Backhaul Solutions - Reaching Out to Rural Areas’. Radwin Ltd. Application Brochure. Available from: http://www.radwin.com/contentManagment/uploadedFiles/fileGallery/Brochures/Applications/Cellular_Backhaul_-_Emerging_Markets.pdf
RAPAD. 2009 ‘Central Western Queensland Remote Area Planning and Development Board (RAPAD) - Response to the Australian Governments Backhaul Blackspots Initiative Stakeholder Consultation Paper’. Attachment A of RAPAD 2009 submission. Available from: http://www.communications.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/113433/RAPAD.pdf
Talbot D. 2010 ‘A 50-Watt Cellular Network - Solar-powered base stations can link up remote rural areas’. Technology Review, 10th February 2010. Available from: http://www.technologyreview.com/news/417442/a-50-watt-cellular-network/
Telstra. 2011 ‘2011 - 12 Regional Telecommunications Review - Submission from Telstra’. Telstra Corporation Ltd., 16th December 2011, page 7. Available from:http://www.rtirc.gov.au/files/2011/12/Telstra.pdf
Venkatramani V. 2010 ‘Birdsville finally gets 3G mobile coverage’. North Queensland Register, 24th August 2010. Available from: http://www.northqueenslandregister.com.au/news/state/agribusiness/general-news/birdsville-finally-gets-3g-mobile-coverage/1920677.aspx
Yablonski S. 2012 ‘Mobile data explosion makes Ka Band satellite profitable in LTE backhaul’. TelecomEngine, Telecommunications Media Group, 25th Apr. 2012. ailable from: http://www.telecomengine.com/article/mobile-data-explosion-makes-ka-band-satellite-profitable-lte-backhaul
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Published
Dec 15, 2013
Article Details
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Crouch, A. (2013). A coordinated satellite and terrestrial microwave backhaul for cellular mobile in remote and regional Australia. Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 1(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v1n1.126
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Telecommunications
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