Adoption of Tourist Mobile Applications Motivating Factors for their Use, an Exploratory Study in Spanish Millennials
Main Article Content
Keywords
Tourist mobile applications, Tourism, Tourist Behaviour, Technology
Abstract
The objective of this article is to examine factors that affect the attitude to and use of tourist mobile applications. In line with previous studies, an empirical model that integrates variables of a technological nature and others related to the design and architecture of tourist apps was proposed. An online survey of 156 millennials in Spain was carried out and the data were analysed using the partial least squares methodology. The results validated the hypotheses proposed in the model, achieving a high level of statistical prediction. The results supported that, when choosing a tourist mobile application, tourists take into consideration design aspects, such as visual design and navigation design; personal aspects, such as perceived personal outcome expectations, perceived enjoyment and subjective norm; and operational aspects, such as effort expectations, performance expectations, and conversion rate.
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References
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Kuazuqui, E. (2018). Marketing in the new times. Journal of Marketing Management, 6(2), 44–48. https://doi.org/10.15640/jns.v6n2a5
Leon, S. (2018). Service mobile apps: A millennial generation perspective. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 118(9), 1837–1860. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2017-0479
Lin, H. Y., & Hsu, M. H. (2015). Using Social Cognitive Theory to Investigate Green Consumer Behavior. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(5), 326–343. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1820
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Manley, S. C., Hair, J. F., Williams, R. I., & McDowell, W. C. (2020). Essential new PLS-SEM analysis methods for your entrepreneurship analytical toolbox. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00687-6
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Mohsin, A., Lengler, J., & Subramonian, H. (2017). The influence of Malaysian students’ travel motives on their intentions to discover new places and things. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(4), 490–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1309984
Morosan, C., & DeFranco, A. (2016). Modeling guests’ intentions to use mobile apps in hotels: The roles of personalization, privacy, and involvement. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(9), 1968–1991. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2015-0349
Munar, A. M., & Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2014). Motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media. Tourism Management, 43, 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.01.012
Nah, F. F. H., Eschenbrenner, B., & DeWester, D. (2011). Enhancing brand equity through flow and telepresence: A comparison of 2D and 3D online worlds. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 35(2), 731–747. https://doi.org/10.2307–/23042806
Newman, C. L., Wachter, K., & White, A. (2018). Bricks or clicks? Understanding consumer usage of retail mobile apps. Journal of Services Marketing, 32(2), 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-08-2016-0289
Okumus, B., & Bilgihan, A. (2014). Proposing a model to test smartphone users’ intention to use smart applications when ordering food in restaurants. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 5(1), 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-01-2013-0003
Palau-Saumell, R., Forgas-Coll, S., Sánchez-García, J., & Robres, E. (2019). User acceptance of mobile apps for restaurants: An expanded and extended UTAUT-2. Sustainability, 11(4), 1210. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041210
Peters, T., I?ik, Ö., Tona, O., & Popovi?, A. (2016). How system quality influences mobile BI use: The mediating role of engagement. International Journal of Information Management, 36(5), 773–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.05.003
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Cheah, J. H., Ting, H., Moisescu, O. I., & Radomir, L. (2020). Structural model robustness checks in PLS-SEM. Tourism Economics, 26(4), 531–554. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816618823921
Stocchi, L., Michaelidou, N., & Micevski, M. (2019). Drivers and outcomes of branded mobile app usage intention. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 28(1), 28–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-02-2017-1436
Tak, P., & Panwar, S. (2017). Using UTAUT 2 model to predict mobile app based shopping: Evidences from India. Journal of Indian Business Research, 9(3), 248–264. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-11-2016-0132
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412
Verkasalo, H., López-Nicolás, C., Molina-Castillo, F. J., & Bouwman, H. (2010). Analysis of users and non-users of smartphone applications. Telematics and Informatics, 27(3), 242–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2009.11.001
Wang, Y. S., Li, H. T., Li, C. R., & Zhang, D. Z. (2016). Factors affecting hotels’ adoption of mobile reservation systems: A technology-organization-environment framework. Tourism Management, 53, 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.09.021
Wei, K., Li, Y., Zha, Y., & Ma, J. (2019). Trust, risk, and transaction intention in consumer-to-consumer e-marketplaces: An empirical comparison between buyers’ and sellers’ perspectives. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 119(2), 331–350. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2017-0489
Wells, J. D., Valacich, J. S., & Hess, T. J. (2011). What signal are you sending? How website quality influences perceptions of product quality and purchase intentions. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 35(2), 373-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/23044048
Wu, Y., Tao, Y., & Yang, P. (2009). The discussion on influence of website usability towards user acceptability. [Conference session]. https://doi.org/10.1109–/ICMSS.2009.5304443
Xu, F., Huang, S., & Li, S. (2019). Time, money, or convenience: What determines Chinese consumers’ continuance usage intention and behavior of using tourism mobile apps?. International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality Research, 13(3), 288–302. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-04-2018-0052
Zwillenberg, P., Field, D., & Dean, D. (2014). Greasing the Wheels of the Internet Economy. Boston: Boston Consulting Group.
Carter, S., & Yeo, A. C. M. (2016). Mobile apps usage by Malaysian business undergraduates and postgraduates: Implications for consumer behaviour theory and marketing practice. Internet Research, 26(3), 733–757. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-10-2014-0273
Castañeda, J. A; Martínez-Heredia, M. J; Rodríguez-Molina, M. Á. 2019. ‘Explaining tourist behavioral loyalty toward mobile apps. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 10(3), 445–460. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-08-2017-0057
Chang, I. C., Chou, P. C., Yeh, R. K. J., & Tseng, H. T. (2016). Factors influencing Chinese tourists’ intentions to use the Taiwan Medical Travel App. Telematics and Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.09.007
Chen, Q., Lu, Y., & Gong, Y. (2019). Internal mechanism of brand app recommendation from the integrated cross-channel perspective: Evidence from the airline industry. Information Technology and People, 33(4), 1076–1097. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-12-2018-0563
Cheng, M., & Jin, X. (2019). What do Airbnb users care about? An analysis of online review comments. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76(2018), 58–70, April. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.004
Choi, K., Wang, Y., & Sparks, B. (2018). Travel app users’ continued use intentions: It’s a matter of value and trust. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 36(1), 131–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1505580
Compeau, D., Higgins, C. A., & Huff, S. (1999). Social cognitive theory and individual reactions to computing technology: A longitudinal study. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 23(2), 145–158, June. https://doi.org/10.2307/249749
Day, G. S. (2011). Closing the marketing capabilities gap. Journal of Marketing, 75(4), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.75.4.183
Ding, Y., & Chai, K. H. (2015). Emotions and continued usage of mobile applications. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 115(5), 833–852. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-11-2014-0338
Escobar-Rodríguez, T., & Carvajal-Trujillo, E. (2014). Online purchasing tickets for low cost carriers: An application of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. Tourism Management, 43(1), 70–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.01.017
Fundación Orange. (2016). La transformación digital en el sector turístico. Available at http://www.fundacionorange.es/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/eE_La_transformacion_digital_del_sector_turistico.pdf
Frey, R. M., Xu, R., & Ilic, A. (2017). Mobile app adoption in different life stages: An empirical analysis. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 40, 512–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2017.01.006
Gefen, D., Straub, D. W., & Boudreau, M. C. (2000). Structural equation modeling and regression: Guidelines for research practice. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 4(4), 2–76. https://doi.org/10.1.1.25.781
Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101–110, December. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
Hair, J. F. J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Long Range Planning, 46(1–2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.002
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hernández Sampieri, R., Fernandez Collado, C., & Baptista Lucio, M. del P. (2010). Metodología de la Investigación. McGraw-Hill, México, 6th Edition.
Hew, J. J., Lee, V. H., Ooi, K. B., & Wei, J. (2015). What catalyses mobile apps usage intention: An empirical analysis. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 115(7), 1269–1291. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-01-2015-0028
Hui, T. K., Wan, D., & Ho, A. (2007). Tourists’ satisfaction, recommendation and revisiting Singapore. Tourism Management, 28(4), 965–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.08.008
Iskandar, Y. H. P., & Sia, P. Y. H. (2020). Mobile travel Apps and generation Y in Malaysia. In F. Liébana, Z. Kalini, I. R. de Luna, & I. Rodríguez-Ardura (Eds.), Impact of mobile services on business development and e-commerce (pp. 186-210). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0050-7.ch010
Ji, Y. G., Park, J. H., Lee, C., & Yun, M. H. (2006). A usability checklist for the usability evaluation of mobile phone user interface. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 20(3), 207–231. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc2003_3
Kapoor, A. P., & Vij, M. (2018). Technology at the dinner table: Ordering food online through mobile apps. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 43, 342–351, May. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.04.001
Kim, S., Baek, T. H., Kim, Y. K., & Yoo, K. (2016). Factors affecting stickiness and word of mouth in mobile applications. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 10(3), 177–192. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-06-2015-0046
Kuazuqui, E. (2018). Marketing in the new times. Journal of Marketing Management, 6(2), 44–48. https://doi.org/10.15640/jns.v6n2a5
Leon, S. (2018). Service mobile apps: A millennial generation perspective. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 118(9), 1837–1860. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2017-0479
Lin, H. Y., & Hsu, M. H. (2015). Using Social Cognitive Theory to Investigate Green Consumer Behavior. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(5), 326–343. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1820
Lu, J., Mao, Z., Wang, M., & Hu, L. (2015). Goodbye maps, hello apps? Exploring the influential determinants of travel app adoption. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(11), 1059–1079. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1043248
Manley, S. C., Hair, J. F., Williams, R. I., & McDowell, W. C. (2020). Essential new PLS-SEM analysis methods for your entrepreneurship analytical toolbox. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00687-6
Marino, V., & Lo Presti, L. (2019). Stay in touch! New insights into end-user attitudes towards engagement platforms. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 36(6), 772–783. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-05-2018-2692
Mohsin, A., Lengler, J., & Subramonian, H. (2017). The influence of Malaysian students’ travel motives on their intentions to discover new places and things. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(4), 490–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1309984
Morosan, C., & DeFranco, A. (2016). Modeling guests’ intentions to use mobile apps in hotels: The roles of personalization, privacy, and involvement. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(9), 1968–1991. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2015-0349
Munar, A. M., & Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2014). Motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media. Tourism Management, 43, 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.01.012
Nah, F. F. H., Eschenbrenner, B., & DeWester, D. (2011). Enhancing brand equity through flow and telepresence: A comparison of 2D and 3D online worlds. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 35(2), 731–747. https://doi.org/10.2307–/23042806
Newman, C. L., Wachter, K., & White, A. (2018). Bricks or clicks? Understanding consumer usage of retail mobile apps. Journal of Services Marketing, 32(2), 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-08-2016-0289
Okumus, B., & Bilgihan, A. (2014). Proposing a model to test smartphone users’ intention to use smart applications when ordering food in restaurants. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 5(1), 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-01-2013-0003
Palau-Saumell, R., Forgas-Coll, S., Sánchez-García, J., & Robres, E. (2019). User acceptance of mobile apps for restaurants: An expanded and extended UTAUT-2. Sustainability, 11(4), 1210. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041210
Peters, T., I?ik, Ö., Tona, O., & Popovi?, A. (2016). How system quality influences mobile BI use: The mediating role of engagement. International Journal of Information Management, 36(5), 773–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.05.003
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Cheah, J. H., Ting, H., Moisescu, O. I., & Radomir, L. (2020). Structural model robustness checks in PLS-SEM. Tourism Economics, 26(4), 531–554. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816618823921
Stocchi, L., Michaelidou, N., & Micevski, M. (2019). Drivers and outcomes of branded mobile app usage intention. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 28(1), 28–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-02-2017-1436
Tak, P., & Panwar, S. (2017). Using UTAUT 2 model to predict mobile app based shopping: Evidences from India. Journal of Indian Business Research, 9(3), 248–264. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-11-2016-0132
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412
Verkasalo, H., López-Nicolás, C., Molina-Castillo, F. J., & Bouwman, H. (2010). Analysis of users and non-users of smartphone applications. Telematics and Informatics, 27(3), 242–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2009.11.001
Wang, Y. S., Li, H. T., Li, C. R., & Zhang, D. Z. (2016). Factors affecting hotels’ adoption of mobile reservation systems: A technology-organization-environment framework. Tourism Management, 53, 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.09.021
Wei, K., Li, Y., Zha, Y., & Ma, J. (2019). Trust, risk, and transaction intention in consumer-to-consumer e-marketplaces: An empirical comparison between buyers’ and sellers’ perspectives. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 119(2), 331–350. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2017-0489
Wells, J. D., Valacich, J. S., & Hess, T. J. (2011). What signal are you sending? How website quality influences perceptions of product quality and purchase intentions. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 35(2), 373-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/23044048
Wu, Y., Tao, Y., & Yang, P. (2009). The discussion on influence of website usability towards user acceptability. [Conference session]. https://doi.org/10.1109–/ICMSS.2009.5304443
Xu, F., Huang, S., & Li, S. (2019). Time, money, or convenience: What determines Chinese consumers’ continuance usage intention and behavior of using tourism mobile apps?. International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality Research, 13(3), 288–302. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-04-2018-0052
Zwillenberg, P., Field, D., & Dean, D. (2014). Greasing the Wheels of the Internet Economy. Boston: Boston Consulting Group.
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Mar 2, 2021
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Sánchez-Torres, J. A., Arroyo-Cañada, F.-J., & Argila-Irurita, A. (2021). Adoption of Tourist Mobile Applications: Motivating Factors for their Use, an Exploratory Study in Spanish Millennials. Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n1.305
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Digital Economy & Society
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Author Biographies
Javier A. Sánchez-Torres, Universidad de Medellín, Colombia
Professor and researcher in Marketing and Management, Master Business
Research and PhD of Business, University of Barcelona, Spain.
He is currently a full-time professor at the University of Medellin-
Colombia, has carried out various research and publications of high
impact on e-commerce, social media and technology adoption. He is the leader of
Tetrix Marketing Research Group.
Francisco-Javier Arroyo-Cañada, University of Barcelona, Spain
Full-time professor at the University of Barcelona (Spain). Ph.D. in Business Sciences from the University of Barcelona. He received a Master in Marketing and Market Research from the University of Barcelona
and a Bachelor of Business from Pompeu Fabra University. He has relevant publications on marketing in international conferences, journals scientific studies, and numerous book chapters. His research focuses on information management for decision making and digital marketing.
Ana Argila-Irurita, University of Barcelona
Professor at the University of Barcelona - Spain. Ph.D. in Business Sciences from the University of Barcelona. She has relevant publications on marketing. Her research focuses on information management for decision making and digital marketing.
