The APT Frequency Arrangement in the 700 MHz: Reflections on the International Spectrum Management Regime
Main Article Content
Keywords
Telecommunications, spectrum, APT, 700 MHz, ITU-R
Abstract
Following WRC-12, discussions have emerged with regard to the frequency arrangements in the 700 MHz band, out of band emissions (OOBE) of the mobile terminals below 694 MHz considering the allocation of the 694-790 MHz band to the mobile service. These discussions have shown that there is a tendency to partially harmonise with the APT plan and to adopt APT OOBE values. This reflects the emerging approach of countries in Regions 1 and 2 that are aligning themselves with Region 3 to lower the cost of end user equipment. Countries such as Australia and New Zealand are leading the discussion in Region 3. The 700 MHz issue has revealed that the ITU-R decision making procedures are mostly based upon consensus with the possibility of few countries blocking the discussion. Moreover, it suggests that there is a need to revise the current ITU-R structure of three regions.
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References
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Kenya (Republic of). (2014). Channeling Arrangement for the 694-790 MHz for Agenda Item 1.2. Paper presented at the 19th ITU-R WP 5D meeting, Halifax.
Krasner, Steven. (1982). Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables. International Orginzation, 36(2).
Meyer, Christine Benedichte. (2001). A Case in Case Study Methodology. Field Methods, 13(4), 329-352.
Migwalla, Elizabeth. (2013). Regional Harmonisation and Channelling Arrangements for Band 694-790 MHz. Paper presented at the 9th Spectrum Management Workshop in Africa, Kampala.
Newlands, Michael. (2010a). Asia Pac Countries Working on 700 Mhz Band Harmonisation PolicyTracker.com. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Newlands, Michael. (2010b). Australia Consults on Digital Dividend PolicyTracker.com. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Nokia Corporation. (2013). Additional OOB Attenuation from LTE UE to Frequencies Used for DTT Broadcasting. Paper presented at the Fourth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
Nokia Corporation. (2014). Updated Simulation Results on the DTT Interference Probability at 700 MHz. Paper presented at the Fifth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
NTRA of Egypt. (2014). Views on IMT Deployment in the band 694-790 MHz. Paper presented at the 2nd AfriSWoG Meeting, Nairobi.
Rancy, Francois. (2012). Harmonisation of Digital Dividend Bands: Current Work. Paper presented at the 2nd ATU Digital Migration and Spectrum Policy Summit, Accra.
Russian Federation. (2014). Definition of Out-of-Emission Limit for Mobile Service Users Equipment under the Agenda Item 1.2. Paper presented at the Meeting of Sixth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
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Standeford, Dugie. (2012a). FCC Moves to Unleash 700 MHz, 2 GHz Spectrum. PolicyTracker. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Standeford, Dugie. (2012b). Mobile Broadband Tops Arab Countries’ Agenda for WRC-12. PolicyTracker.com. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Standeford, Dugie. (2012c). WRC Agrees on Several Items but Mobile Broadband Issues Remain Unresolved. PolicyTracker.com. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Stirling, Andrew. (2012). Africa is Pushing Ahead in the Race for 700 MHz. International Journal of Digital Television, 3(3).
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (2014). Channeling Arrangement for the 694-790 MHz Band. Paper presented at the 19th ITU-R WP 5D meeting, Halifax.
Vanston, Mark. (2013). Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT) 700 MHz Whitepaper Telstra.
Working Party 5D. (2014). Liaison Statement to Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7: Channeling Arrangements for 694-790 MHz for Agenda Item 1.2. Paper presented at the Meeting of Sixth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
Youell, Toby. (2014). ECC Agrees on (Mostly) Harmonised 700 MHz Band Plan. PolicyTracker. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Youell, Toby. (2015). Russia Has Doubts about 700 MHz Band OOBE Limits. PolicyTracker. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Young, Oran R. (1982). Regime Dynamics: The Rise and Fall of International Regimes. International Organization, 36(2), 277-297.
Zacher, Mark W. (1996). Governing Global Networks: International Regimes for Transportation and Communications: Cambridge University Press.
Zehle, Stefan. (2013). The APT Band Plan, A Brief Introduction. Coleago Consulting Ltd.
APT. (2009). UHF Band Usage and Considerations for Realizing the UHF Digital Dividend. Paper presented at the The 7th APT Wireless Forum Meeting, Phuket.
APT. (2010). APT Report on Harmonized Frequency Arrangements for the Band 698-806 MHz. Paper presented at the 9th APT Wireless Forum Meeting, Seoul.
APT. (2011). APT Report on Implementation Issues Associated with Use of the Band 698-806 MHz by Mobile Service. Paper presented at the 11th APT Wireless Forum Meeting, Chiang Mai.
APT. (2013). Liaison Statement to ITU-R Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7 - Study of IMT User Equipment (UE) Out-of-Band (OoB) Emission Limits and Associated Implementation Issues with the Use of the Band 698-806 MHz Paper presented at the Meeting of Fourth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
Australia. (2013). Studies on Frequency Related Matters for IMT and Other Terrestrial Mobile Broadband Applications. Technical and Regulatory Framework in Australia to Protect Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting below 694 MHz. Paper presented at the Third Meeting of the Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, East London. www.itu.int
Bahrain (Kingdom of), Egypt (Arab Republic of), Qatar (State of), Kuwait (State of), & Emirates, United Arab. (2013). Compatibitility between the Mobile Service in the Band 694-790 MHz and the Broadcasting Service Operating below 694 MHz. Paper presented at the Fourth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
Bateson, Ross. (2013a). Brazil Looks Set to Adopt APT 700 MHz Band Plan. PolicyTracker. Retrieved from PolicyTracker website: https://www.policytracker.com
Bateson, Ross. (2013b). UAE Adopts Hybrid Solution for 700 and 800 MHz Bands. PolicyTracker. Retrieved from PolicyTracker website: https://www.policytracker.com
Bateson, Ross. (2014). Analysis: Chilean 700 MHz Auction Provides First Step in South America. PolicyTracker. Retrieved from PolicyTracker website: https://www.policytracker.com
Broadcast Networks Europe. (2014). IMT UE OOB Emissions Required to Protect DTTB Reception. Paper presented at the Meeting of Fifth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2007). Business research methods. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cameroon (Republic of), Kenya (Republic of), Lesotho (Kingdom of), South Africa (Republic of), & Zimbabwe (Republic of). (2013). Application of Monte Carlo Statistical Analysis for the Assessment of IMT Uplink Interference into Fixed Rooftop Digital Terrestrial Television Receivers. Paper presented at the Fourth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
Chairman ITU-R Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7. (2014). Executive Report to Study Groups 5 and 6 on the Work of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7. Paper presented at the Meeting of Study Group 5, Geneva. www.int.itu
CITEL. (2011). Final Report (Item on the Agenda: 7). Paper presented at the CITEL Coordination Meeting San Juan.
Contant, Corinne M., & Warren, Jennifer. (2003). The World Radiocommunication Conferences Process: Help or Hindrance to New Satellite Development? Acta Astronautica, 53(4).
Cowhey, Peter, & Aronson, Jonathan D. (1991). The ITU in Transition. Telecommunications Policy, 15(4), 298-310.
Cowhey, Peter F. (1990). The International Telecommunications Regime: The Political Roots of Regimes for High Technology. International Organization, 44(2), 169-199.
ECOWAS Administrations plus Cameroon (Republic of). (2013). Work on Agenda Item 1.2. Paper presented at the Third Meeting of the Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7. www.itu.int
Egypt. (2012). WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.2: Proposals for the Band Plan of the 700 MHz Band for Region 1. Paper presented at the 14th ITU-R WP 5D meeting, Geneva.
Egypt. (2013). Proposals Regarding the Frequency Arrangements of the 700 MHz Band. Paper presented at the 15th ITU-R WP 5D meeting, Geneva.
El-Moghazi, Mohamed, Whalley, Jason, & Irvine, James. (2013). International Spectrum Management Regime: A Case of Regulatory Lock-in for the Developing Countries? . Paper presented at the CPR Asia / CPR Africa, Mysore.
Ericsson. (2014). Telstra and Ericsson Complete “World First” Live Test of APT 700 MHz Band
GSMA. (2013). Modelling of Potential Interference from IMT Uplink to DTT Paper presented at the Meeting of Fourth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
ITU-R. (2007). Article 5: Frequency Allocations.
ITU-R. (2008). Article 5: Frequency Allocations Radio Regulations (Vol. 1).
ITU-R. (2012a). ITU-R Recommendation M.1036-4: Frequency Arrangements for Implementation of the Terrestrial Component of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in the Bands Identified for IMT in the Radio Regulations (RR) M Series. Mobile, Radiodetermination Amateur and Related Satellite Services.
ITU-R. (2012b). WRC-12 Resolution 232. Use of the Frequency 694-790 MHz by the Mobile, Except Aeronautical Mobile, Service in Region 1 and Related Studies. Provisional Final Acts - World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-12).
ITU-R. (2014). CPM Report on Technical, Operational and Regulatory/Procedural Matters to be Considered by the 2015 World Radiocommunication Conference. Retrieved from www.itu.int.
ITU-R. (2015). Chairman Ad-Hoc Group Plen 1 (M Series Recommendations). DRAFT NEW RECOMMENDATION ITU R M.[BSMS700]. Specific Unwanted Emission Limit of IMT Mobile Stations Operating in The Frequency Band 694-790 MHz to Facilitate Protection of Existing Services in Region 1 in the Frequency Band 470-694 MHz. Paper presented at the Resolutions Radiocommunication Assembly (RA-15), Geneva. www.itu.int
ITU. (2006). Article 1: Definitions Final Acts of the Regional Radiocommunication Conference for Planning of the Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Service in Parts of Regions 1 and 3, in the Frequency Bands 174-230 MHz and 470-862 MHz (RRC-06).
Kenya (Republic of). (2014). Channeling Arrangement for the 694-790 MHz for Agenda Item 1.2. Paper presented at the 19th ITU-R WP 5D meeting, Halifax.
Krasner, Steven. (1982). Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables. International Orginzation, 36(2).
Meyer, Christine Benedichte. (2001). A Case in Case Study Methodology. Field Methods, 13(4), 329-352.
Migwalla, Elizabeth. (2013). Regional Harmonisation and Channelling Arrangements for Band 694-790 MHz. Paper presented at the 9th Spectrum Management Workshop in Africa, Kampala.
Newlands, Michael. (2010a). Asia Pac Countries Working on 700 Mhz Band Harmonisation PolicyTracker.com. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Newlands, Michael. (2010b). Australia Consults on Digital Dividend PolicyTracker.com. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Nokia Corporation. (2013). Additional OOB Attenuation from LTE UE to Frequencies Used for DTT Broadcasting. Paper presented at the Fourth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
Nokia Corporation. (2014). Updated Simulation Results on the DTT Interference Probability at 700 MHz. Paper presented at the Fifth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
NTRA of Egypt. (2014). Views on IMT Deployment in the band 694-790 MHz. Paper presented at the 2nd AfriSWoG Meeting, Nairobi.
Rancy, Francois. (2012). Harmonisation of Digital Dividend Bands: Current Work. Paper presented at the 2nd ATU Digital Migration and Spectrum Policy Summit, Accra.
Russian Federation. (2014). Definition of Out-of-Emission Limit for Mobile Service Users Equipment under the Agenda Item 1.2. Paper presented at the Meeting of Sixth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students (5th edn.): Pearson Education Limited.
Standeford, Dugie. (2012a). FCC Moves to Unleash 700 MHz, 2 GHz Spectrum. PolicyTracker. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Standeford, Dugie. (2012b). Mobile Broadband Tops Arab Countries’ Agenda for WRC-12. PolicyTracker.com. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Standeford, Dugie. (2012c). WRC Agrees on Several Items but Mobile Broadband Issues Remain Unresolved. PolicyTracker.com. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Stirling, Andrew. (2012). Africa is Pushing Ahead in the Race for 700 MHz. International Journal of Digital Television, 3(3).
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (2014). Channeling Arrangement for the 694-790 MHz Band. Paper presented at the 19th ITU-R WP 5D meeting, Halifax.
Vanston, Mark. (2013). Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT) 700 MHz Whitepaper Telstra.
Working Party 5D. (2014). Liaison Statement to Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7: Channeling Arrangements for 694-790 MHz for Agenda Item 1.2. Paper presented at the Meeting of Sixth Meeting of Joint Task Group 4-5-6-7, Geneva. www.int.itu
Youell, Toby. (2014). ECC Agrees on (Mostly) Harmonised 700 MHz Band Plan. PolicyTracker. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Youell, Toby. (2015). Russia Has Doubts about 700 MHz Band OOBE Limits. PolicyTracker. Retrieved from https://www.policytracker.com website: https://www.policytracker.com
Young, Oran R. (1982). Regime Dynamics: The Rise and Fall of International Regimes. International Organization, 36(2), 277-297.
Zacher, Mark W. (1996). Governing Global Networks: International Regimes for Transportation and Communications: Cambridge University Press.
Zehle, Stefan. (2013). The APT Band Plan, A Brief Introduction. Coleago Consulting Ltd.
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Published
Sep 26, 2016
Article Details
How to Cite
El-Moghazi, M., Whalley, J., & Irvine, J. (2016). The APT Frequency Arrangement in the 700 MHz: Reflections on the International Spectrum Management Regime. Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 4(3), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v4n3.56
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Telecommunications
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