Denial-of-Sleep Attack Detection in NB-IoT Using Deep Learning

Main Article Content

Tahani Bani-Yaseen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6120-7433
Ashraf Tahat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1691-446X
Kira Kastell https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-3932
Talal A. Edwan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-0898

Keywords

Deep learning, denial-of-sleep attack (DoSl), Internet-of-Things (IoT), NB-IoT, recurrent neural network (RNN)

Abstract

With increasing Internet-of-Things (IoT) protocols and connectivity, a growing number of attacks are emerging in the associated networks. This work presents approaches using deep learning (DL) to detect attacks in an IoT environment, particularly in narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT). By virtue of its low cost, low complexity and limited energy, an NB-IoT device will not likely permit cutting-edge security mechanisms, leaving it vulnerable to, for example, denial-of-sleep (DoSl) attacks. For performance analysis, a NB-IoT network was simulated, using ns-3, to generate a novel dataset to represent an implementation of DoSl attacks. After preprocessing, the dataset was presented to a collection of machine learning (ML) models to evaluate their performance. The considered DL recurrent neural network (RNN) models have proven capable of reliably classifying traffic, with very high accuracy, into either a DoSl attack or a normal record. The performance of a long short-term memory (LSTM) classifier has provided accuracies up to 98.99%, with a detection time of 2.54 x 10-5 second/record, surpassing performance of a gated recurrent unit (GRU). RNN DL models have superior performance in terms of accuracy of detecting DoSl attacks in NB-IoT networks, when compared with other ML algorithms, including support vector machine, Gaussian naïve-Bayes, and logistic regression. 

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