Towards an Australian Digital Communications Strategy Lessons from Cross-Country Case Studies
Main Article Content
Keywords
Broadband connectivity, broadband demand, broadband supply, digital communications strategy, national broadband strategy
Abstract
In the early 21st century, governments developed national broadband plans to supply high-speed broadband networks for the emerging digital economy and to enable digital services delivery. Most national broadband plans are now focused on moving to ever faster networks, but there is a growing need to develop national digital communications strategies to focus on the demand-side of the broadband “eco-system”. In this paper, we outline the approaches adopted by the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Korea to assist in the development (or renewal) of Australia’s national broadband strategy, or, as we prefer, national digital communications strategy. The paper draws on the lessons learned from the case-study countries and the recent pandemic and considers some theoretical aspects of the broadband ecosystem. We conclude by suggesting a process to re-evaluate Australia’s national digital communications strategy as it rolls forward, and to incorporate recent international trends to develop demand-side policies to enable greater adoption and use of existing broadband infrastructure and digital services.
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References
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Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport. (2022). Policy Paper: UK Digital Strategy. London: Government of UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uks-digital-strategy/uk-digital-strategy (Accessed 30 November 2022).
de Percy, M.A. and Batainah, H. (2021). Identifying historical policy regimes in the Canadian and Australian communications industries using a model of path dependent, punctuated equilibrium, Policy Studies, 42(1), 42-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581161.
Dyer, D. (1995). Too Much Too Fast: The Dangers of Technological Momentum. In Proceedings of the 1995 Annual National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Anaheim, CA. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED383309 (Accessed 2 December 2022).
Dziedzic, S. (2022, 4 November). Cybercrime reports jump as criminal gangs target families and businesses, cybersecurity agency says. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-11-04/cyber-crime-reports-jump-acsc/101612978 (Accessed 30 November 2022).
Federal Communications Commission (FCC). (2010). Connecting America: The National Broadband Plan. Washington, DC: FCC Omnibus Broadband Initiative. https://transition.fcc.gov/national-broadband-plan/national-broadband-plan.pdf (Accessed 30 November 2022).
Federal Communications Commission (FCC). (2020). Keep Americans Connected. Washington, DC: FCC Initiatives. https://www.fcc.gov/keep-americans-connected (Accessed 30 November 2022).
Federal Communications Commission (FCC). (2022). Notice of Funding Opportunity: Affordable Connectivity Outreach Grant Program. Washington, DC: FCC. https://www.fcc.gov/sites/default/files/acp_outreach_grant_program_nofo.pdf (Accessed 1 December 2022).
Hughes, T.P. (1969). Technological Momentum in History: Hydrogenation in Germany 1898-1933. Past & Present, August, 44: 106-132.
Hughes, T.P. (1993). Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Hutton, G. (2022). Gigabit-broadband in the UK: Government targets and policy. London: House of Commons Library. https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8392/CBP-8392.pdf (Accessed 1 October 2022).
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International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2022b). Statistics. Geneva: ITU. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx (Accessed 2 December 2022).
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and CISCO. (2013). Planning for Progress: Why National Broadband Reports Matter. Geneva: Broadband Commission, ITU.
Kim, Y., Kelly, T., & Raja, S. (2010). Building Broadband: Strategies and Policies for the Developing World. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8419-0.
Legg, M. and Song A. (2021). The Courts, the Remote Hearing and the Pandemic: From Action to Reflection. UNSW Law Journal, 44(1), 126-166.
Low, D. (2022, 19 September). Fibre broadband speeds to be boosted among upgrades to S'pore's digital connectivity. Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/tech/tech-news/fibre-broadband-speeds-to-be-boosted-among-upgrades-to-spores-digital-connectivity-josephine-teo (Accessed 3 December 2022).
Martin, M. (2021, 21 April). Computer and Internet use in the United States: 2018: American Community Survey Reports. Washington, DC: United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2021/acs/acs-49.html (Accessed 30 November 2022).
Martínez-Alcalá, C.I., Rosales-Lagarde, A., Pérez-Pérez, Y.M., Lopez-Noguerola, J.S., Bautista-Díaz, M.L., and Agis-Juarez, R.A. (2021). The Effects of Covid-19 on the Digital Literacy of the Elderly: Norms for Digital Inclusion. Frontiers in Education, 6: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.716025.
Muñoz-Najar, A., Gilberto, A., Hasan, A., Cobo, C., Azevedo, J.P., and Akmal, M. (2021). Remote Learning During COVID-19: Lessons from Today, Principles for Tomorrow. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/160271637074230077/remote-learning-during-covid-19-lessons-from-today-principles-for-tomorrow (Accessed 1 December 2022).
Ng, I., Lim, S., and Pang, N. (2022). Making universal digital access universal: lessons from COVID-19 in Singapore. Universal Access in the Information Society, Apr 15, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-022-00877-9.
Ontario Government. (2022). Governments of Canada and Ontario announce more than $56 million in new funding to bring high-speed Internet access to thousands more households. Press Release. Ottawa: King’s Printer for Ottawa. https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/1002061/governments-of-canada-and-ontario-announce-more-than-56-million-in-new-funding-to-bring-high-speed-internet-access-to-thousands-more-households (Accessed 1 October 2022).
Park, K.S. and Nelson M.R. (2021). Afterword: Korea’s Challenge to the Standard Internet Interconnection Model. In Feigenbaum, E.A. and Nelson, M.R. (Eds.) The Korean Way With Data How the World’s Most Wired Country Is Forging a Third Way. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Rubinsztein-Dunlop, S., Hui, E., Curnow, S. and Nguyen, K. (2022, 28 November). Cyber black market selling hacked ATO and MyGov logins shows Medibank and Optus only tip of iceberg. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-11-28/cyber-black-market-shows-medibank-optus-hack-just-the-surface/101700974 (Accessed 3 December 2022).
SAS Institute. (2021). Experience Disrupted: Is COVID-19 Continuing to Change Customer Behaviour? Cary, NC: SAS Institute. https://www.sas.com/content/dam/SAS/documents/marketing-whitepapers-ebooks/ebooks/en/experience-disrupted-is-covid-19-continuing-to-change-customer-behaviour.pdf (Accessed 1 December 2021).
Services Australia. (2022). Changes to MBS Items. Canberra: Australian Government. https://www.servicesaustralia.gov.au/changes-to-mbs-items-during-coronavirus-covid-19-response?context=20#a1 (Accessed 1 December 2022).
Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (1999). Some Varieties of Particularism. Metaphilosophy, 30(1/2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9973.00108.
Smith, M.R. and Marx, L. (1994). Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Strand Consult (2022, 12 November). South Korea takes the next step in global broadband leadership with the Network Free Ride Prevention Act. https://strandconsult.dk/south-korea-takes-the-next-step-in-global-broadband-leadership-with-the-network-free-ride-prevention-act/ (Accessed 3 December 2022).
TelSoc Broadband Futures Group. (2021). Assessing Australia’s Progress Towards a National Broadband Strategy at December 2021. Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 9(4), 149–177. https://doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n4.472.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2021. 15 March). How COVID-19 triggered the digital and e-commerce turning point. Geneva: UNCTAD. https://unctad.org/news/how-covid-19-triggered-digital-and-e-commerce-turning-point (Accessed 1 December 2021).
Weinschenk, C. (2020, 4 May). OpenVault: Pandemic Drives Almost a Year’s Worth of Broadband Traffic Growth in the Span of a Couple of Weeks. telecompetitor. https://www.telecompetitor.com/openvault-pandemic-drives-almost-a-years-worth-of-broadband-traffic-growth-in-the-span-of-a-couple-of-weeks/ (Accessed 30 November 2022).
Wheeler, T. (2020, 27 May). 5 steps to get the internet to all Americans: COVID-19 and the importance of universal broadband. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/research/5-steps-to-get-the-internet-to-all-americans/ (Accessed 1 December 2022).
White House, The. (2022). Get Internet: Claim Your Affordable Connectivity Program Benefit. Washington, DC: The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/getinternet/?utm_source=getinternet.gov (Accessed 1 December 2022).
Wilding, D. (2021). Regulating News and Disinformation on Digital Platforms: Self-Regulation or Prevarication? Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 9(2), 11–46. https://doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n2.415.
World Bank. (2018). Innovative Business Models for Expanding Fiber-Optic Networks and Closing the Access Gaps. Washington, DC: World Bank.
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Dec 28, 2022
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de Percy, M. A., Campbell, L., & Reddy, N. (2022). Towards an Australian Digital Communications Strategy: Lessons from Cross-Country Case Studies. Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 10(4), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v10n4.650
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Author Biographies
Michael Alexander de Percy, University of Canberra
Senior Lecturer in Political Science
Leith Campbell, RMIT University
Dr Leith Campbell is an Adjunct Professor of RMIT University.
